Over the last century, we have produced a new kind of scientific and technological landscape, one put to the uses of scientific, high-tech industrial, and military uses. From radio and optical telescopes to accelerators, nuclear weapons and missile testing areas, the land itself has taken on a new politics, complexion, economics, environmental justice, and even metaphysical status in relation to our encounter with it. We will look at the geography of these territories through the alternating lenses of anthropology, history, ethnography and science—comparing and contrasting industrial scale scientific alteration of land with the the postwar development of earthwork art including Robert Smithson's "Spiral Jetty" or Michael Heizer's "Double Negative".